Seminar: Empirical Analysis of the Law: A Challenge-Based Approach Using R

In today’s data-driven world, empirical literacy is becoming increasingly important – including in law. Not only are data science skills highly sought-after by employers, but (big) data increasingly influences how the law is created, applied and evaluated. Already today, statistical analyses are being used to inform court judgments, to assess the impact of legislation, and to revolutionize legal research and practice. Given this ongoing ‘datafication of law’, it is crucial for future legal professionals to be able to understand, evaluate and critique the use of empirical methods in legal contexts.

This seminar aims to provide law students with a basic understanding of the empirical legal research process – from conceptualization, through data collection and analysis, to reporting. To learn how to apply this knowledge to their own research, students will work collaboratively in small groups to conceptualize and implement a small empirical legal research project using basic statistical methods in R. The seminar is designed for students who take part in the lecture Introduction to Empirical Legal Studies and/or the Online Course II in Legal Data Science. In addition, students with basic prior knowledge of statistics and R are also eligible. Students are expected to take active part in the discussions and to provide feedback on fellow participants’ presentations.

The course follows a hands-on, self-directed approach. Through a combination of in-class discussions and group work, students will learn how to formulate research questions, design research projects, collect and analyse data, and draw meaningful conclusions from their findings. At the successful completion of the course, students will:

• have deepened their knowledge of quantitative methods and their application in the field of empirical legal studies;
• have acquired practical knowledge on how to plan and carry out entry-level empirical legal research projects;
• be able to employ simple quantitative methods in the legal field using the appropriate software, to assess the validity of the results and the limitations of empirical approaches to law;
• be able to read and to critically evaluate empirical research articles from different legal areas.

Students should have some prior knowledge of statistics and R. Ideally, students have already completed the lecture Introduction to Empirical Legal Studies and/or the Online Course II in Legal Data Science. Upon request, you will be provided with the recordings of the lecture Introduction to Empirical Legal Studies to learn the required knowledge of statistics on your own. Note, however, that this will be a substantial load of work that has to be done prior to / on top of the seminar work.

The seminar includes completion of a Bachelor thesis (6 ECTS) or Master thesis (12 ECTS). This is comprised of:

for Bachelor students:

1. Group Project (40%): Students will work in three groups of four persons to design, implement and present an entry-level empirical legal project. All group members will receive the same grade. Groups will present their research design at 25 October 2024 and their results at 22 November 2024.

2. Critical Review Paper (60%): Each student submits a response paper on one of the assigned journal articles dealing with the empirical analysis of law (20–25 pages 40,000– 50,000 characters, with footnotes but not including spaces; plus cover sheet and indices). The papers need to provide a summary of the article and a critical examination of the data, methods used, results and discussion. There will be no oral presentation of the paper; students will receive written feedback alongside their grade at the end of the course.

for Master students:

Individual Analysis (100%): Each student conducts an empirical analysis (topics and data sets will be provided) and submits a write-up in the style of an empirical legal journal article (30–40 pages, 60'000–80'000 characters, with footnotes but not including spaces; plus cover sheet and indices). The papers must detail the research question, a brief literature review, the data and chosen methodology, the results (incl. visualization in the form of plots) and a discussion of the results in light of the research question. Students will present their research design at 25 October 2024 and their results at 6 December 2024.

The seminar consists of five sessions ranging from 2–7 hours. The sessions will be held in-person at Pestalozzistrasse 24, 8032 Zürich (PES 205). Attendance is mandatory for all sessions.

The first two sessions, consisting of administrative information and some statistical repetition units, will already take place at the end of the Spring Semester 24, so participants can start their projects during the summer break. In the sessions during the Fall Semester 24, students will present their research designs and final group projects / Master Thesis, followed by feedback from instructors and fellow students.

Seminar Dates

There are 15 seminar spots available, divided into 12 for Bachelor and 3 for Master students. For information on how to register, see here.

All necessary materials, including data sets for the empirical projects and journal articles for the review paper, will be provided on the OLAT course page. Students are required to bring their own device with a working installation of R and RStudio.

For further information, contact Selina Scherrer (selina.scherrer@ius.uzh.ch) or Prof. Altwicker (lst.altwicker@ius.uzh.ch).